Project Portfolio and Program Management-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability in Project Portfolio and Program Management. Answer: Introduction Westpac Corporation Banking that is located in Sydney Australia with branches in different countries such as New Zealand, Australia, and the Pacific. Some of the projects proposed within the project portfolio include digitization of the banking services, ad-hoc reporting, data security, compliance to the recent regulations, infrastructure development. In addition, the project seeks to incorporate sustainability as key aspect global goal of UN. At the first stage of the project portfolio management which was planning, there are some aspects of the project that were introduced mostly in the sustainability per view. Upon the implementation of the project various company staffs also are involved and hence express their perspective on the benefits, effects, and outcomes of the project. Some key aspects of the project that are revealed in this report are situation analysis, project evaluation, portfolio management, corporate culture and possible outcome of the project. Various analysis of the project is, therefore, necessary to review some other benefits that can be realized. The following report documents findings that will be presented to executive management giving the project portfolio management review. Framework Situational Context Westpac Corporation Banking (WCP) investing in Project Portfolio Management project is a good idea as most organization currently working on the model as the right business project. Some of the reasons supporting the choice of project portfolio management (PPM) are a minimal risk on the overall performance of the organization, maximized resource, prove the value to stakeholders and enable repeatable success. With the call from UN that organizations need to implement sustainability projects that expresses the corporate social responsibility and environmental concerns. In addition, the project works to transforms the organization on service delivery with digitalization (Schrodt, 2002). The project also benefits general public due to climatic mitigation project that forms part of sustainable development as this solemnly helps the community. Optimism of the project portfolio management Secondly, the WCP is optimizing its capacity since one of the main objectives of the company is to invest in a sustainable development project and incorporating sustainability in project portfolio management proved optimism. (Mesly, 2017). Project portfolio management execution Thirdly, the organization is executing the project since some reasonable amount of money has been dedicated to the project. The company has already set a huge amount of funds in executing the project and this is evident by $10billion and $25billion that the company has devoted towards implementation of the environmental project being a critical aspect of sustainability. Project absorption Fourthly, the organization can absorb all the changes though slowly since the implementation follows steps that involve staff training. In addition, Stakeholder Advisory Council works to ensures that the company stakeholders are involved in the implementation of the project hence they absorb the project (Zhang, 2009). Benefit realization Finally, it is worth noting that the company is realizing the promised benefits. The company had convinced the stakeholders on the benefits of portfolio project management and some of the initial benefits of the project are the implementation of sustainable practices (Ravasi Schultz, 2006). Portfolio Evaluation The method the organization uses to evaluate portfolio is convention and risk-adjusted method. The portfolio evaluation within the company takes two directions that can be divided into conventional and risk adjusted method. Conventional portfolio evaluation method is the evaluation method that takes into account the performance of portfolio according to set standards. Risk-adjusted evaluation method evaluates the risk and risk mitigation to ensure that the project is managed. Justification of project evaluation Secondly, the justification of using the portfolio evaluation methods lies in the ability of the method to evaluate both general performance and risk (Goergen, 2012). This gives the overall goal of the evaluation that is needed both major stakeholders and management. Thirdly, the challenge that the organization is likely to face in the course of using this method can be coordination between management and project managers in case of evaluation. Incorporation of management cycle into the project Incorporating management cycle in evaluation process has the benefit of accountability since the investors need to know the progress of project portfolio. The management needs to take part in managing the project, especially through project managers (Ross, Ellipse Freeman, 2004). Meeting desired objective The evaluation process assists the management to meet the desired objective or goals of the project since it ensures that the project is implemented in the right manner. Moreover, the evaluation process gives the accountability aspect of the project to management and company owners that need the full responsibility of project managers (Rajegopal McGuin, 2007). Portfolio Management Project progress Portfolio management gives the progress and continuous update in the activities of the project. Project management is also important since it raises the need for assessing the project consistency with the preset objects or goals. Introduction of Project Management Office Project Management Office has been introduced into the organization (Hamilton, 2004). The Project Management Office does not play role in terms of standardizing practices and increasing project success rates since the project managers are still under training. Quantitative and qualitative skills Quantitative skills that are used in the portfolio management include collection and analysis of data that consist of financial (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). Qualitative skills on the other hand, take into account various reporting techniques used in portfolio management so as to deliver quality project in line with companys objectives. Moreover, the project managers need to first understand their primary role even before managing the project (EPMC Michael, et al 2009). Maturity Levels Level of maturity I believe the maturity level for the organization level 2, that is basics level. This project portfolio level that is characterized by planning with limited performance forecasting. Within this level also project interrelationship are reorganized into different managed projects. Moreover, at this level risk analysis is conducted and evaluation process also continues at this level. Improving maturity In order to improve the maturity level of the organization a model that can be adopted is OPM3. OPM3 provide the framework for the organization to understand PPM process, practice and predictability. The model focus on the training staffs in ways to strengthen project performance with the ability to predict the outcome. This enables all to be fully aware of the portfolio project hence are able to bring changes to where there are gaps. Implementation of changes In implementing changes, the project managers identify the gaps especially in the performance that need improvement. The model also enables the project management team set the target and the strategy to meet this target (Marquis Tilcsik, 2013). Corporate Culture Corporate culture for the company Corporate culture for the company is based on the beliefs of satisfying the customers financial needs and involving the local community through offering sustainable practices. When implementing the project while using the model, the corporate culture is most likely to change with the adoption of the project portfolio management. The initial corporate culture for the organization was mostly based on the areas of operation. As a monetary institution, most of the dealings were in financial transactions. As the company implements the sustainability criterion that is based on moral and ethical responsibility within the community, the company will need to diversify employees and resources to cover other areas of operation such as climate, environment and community involvement (Vincenti, 2016). The company intends to apply the PPM to all its offices within Australia and other countries. This, therefore, means that corporate culture in terms of management will affect internal stakeholders such as management and technology manager, human resource manager, project managers, accountants and public relation officers. As the company implements the project portfolio within the organization, the company will expand in terms of infrastructure, employees number, funds that are required to fully implement the project and good will to implement the project without resistance (O'Donovan, 2006). Stakeholders perspective Most stakeholders have individual perspective as that can be based on each stakeholder's profession. The amount of money allocated to an accountant to manage will influence the view of accountant and finance managers since there is a need for proper utilization and management of these funds. Human resource manager will have to reclassify job categories since project managers will have new training on project portfolio management. Projects managers are some important stakeholders that play important role in PPM and give continuous progress in the performance of the project portfolio performance. Public relation officers, on the other hand, connect the company with the public especially the implementation of sustainability (Keating, Quazi, Kriz Coltman, 2008). Stakeholders concerns Stakeholders have different concerns that will be raised in the course of implementation of PPM (Sanwal, 2007). Proper allocation of funds to the project is most likely to be the concern of accountant. While human resource managers are most likely to raise the concern of employees number required to fully implement the project. This is based on the fact that as the project begins the implementation stage the company will have to hire more employees since more work will be added to employees currently within the company payroll. Technology and asset managers also will express their concern about the capacity of the companys machines to digitalize all the required functions according to the portfolio (Kester, Griffin Hultink, 2011). Corporate culture that will support PPM The aspect of corporate culture that will support the project portfolio management changes the culture. The management both from the junior to senior management should accept change without resistance. On the sustainability, it is important to note that culture of change is particularly important for implementing the environmental sustainable strategy (Hofstede, 2001). Challenge of adopting project portfolio and sustainability The challenge that still stands in the way of adopting project portfolio and sustainability are resistance to change, lack of enough information and project implementation efficiencies. Firstly, most staffs within the organization especially the senior management often are resistant to change which in this case introduction of a new project (Paul et al, 2005). Implementation inefficiencies often cause slow decision-making that eventually retards the progress of the projects and if such care is not taken the project will fail (Lukomnik, 2016). Effects of the implementation of project portfolio management and outcomes From the staff perspective, various staffs have different view on the possible benefits of the project. (Hatemi El-Khatib, 2014). Some of the positive effects of the project are a minimal risk due to diversification brought by portfolios, improved decision making due to the reorganization of the department, improved customer service due to the introduction of digital services and improved public relation (Denney, 2005). The negative views specifically come from most internal stakeholders who feel the need to stop project implementation Conclusion In conclusion, project portfolio remains an important aspect of organization especially with the need to increase customer service delivery and community involvement. The key project portfolio management is the evaluation, portfolio management, and corporate culture. Maturity level clearly gives the characteristic of the organization and the most likely level of maturity within the organization is basic level 2. Another critical aspect of the project portfolio management is the situation analysis that gives the context and the situation of the project. Some challenges and benefits that will be realized after implementation projects are also highlighted in the project. References Hamilton, A. (2004), Handbook of Project Management Procedures. TTL Publishing, Ltd. Denney, R. (2005), Succeeding with Use Cases: Working Smart to Deliver Quality. Boston, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. EPMC, Inc.; Michael, J. S. et al (2009), Project Portfolio Management: A View from the Management Trenches. Wiley. Goergen, M. (2012), International Corporate Governance, Prentice Hall, Harlow, January, 2012, Chapter 3 Guidelines for Managing Projects from the UK Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) Hatemi-J, A. El-Khatib, Y. (2014), Portfolio selection: An alternative approach. Economics Letters, 135: 141143. Hofstede, G. H. (2001), Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Sage Publications. Keating, B; Quazi, A; Kriz, A; Coltman, T. (2008), In pursuit of a sustainable supply chain: insights from Westpac Banking Corporation, Supply Chain Management: an International Journal, 13 (3): 17579 Kester, L.; Griffin, E.J. Hultink; K.L. (2011), Exploring Portfolio Decision Making Processes. Journal of Product Innovation Management (28). Lukomnik, J. : Thoughts on the Origins and Development of the Modern Corporate Governance Movement and Shareholder Activism (chapter 22, p. 450460), in The Handbook of Board Governance: A Comprehensive Guide for Public, Private and Not for Profit Board Members, edited by Richard Leblanc (John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2016) McNeil, A.J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015),Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton University Press. Marquis, C.; Tilcsik, A. (2013), Imprinting: Toward a Multilevel Theory. Academy of Management Annals: 193243. Mesly, O. (2017), Project feasibility Tools for uncovering points of vulnerability. New York, NY: Taylor and Francis, CRC Press. 546 pages. O'Donovan, G. (2006), The Corporate Culture Handbook: How to Plan, Implement and Measure a Successful Culture Change Programme, The Liffey Press, Paul, C. D. et al (2005) The right projects done right! John Wiley and Sons, 2005. Rajegopal, S.; McGuin P. James W. (2007), Project Portfolio Management: Leading the Corporate Vision. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Ravasi, D.; Schultz, M. (2006), Responding to organizational identity threats: Exploring the role of organizational culture. Academy of Management Journal, 49 (3): 433458. Ross, P.H.; Ellipse, M.W. Freeman, H.E. (2004), Evaluation: A systematic approach (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Sanwal, A, (2007), Optimizing Corporate Portfolio Management: Aligning Investment Proposals with Organizational Strategy. Wiley. Schrodt, P. (2002), The relationship between organizational identification and organizational culture: Employee perceptions of culture and identification in a retail sales organization. Communication Studies, 53: 189202 Vincenti, J. (2016), Westpac Banking Corporation v Wittenberg (2016) 330 ALR 476.Brief,43(11), 21. Zhang, X. (2009), Values, Expectations, Ad Hoc Rules, and Culture Emergence in International Cross Cultural Management Contexts. New York: Nova Science Publishers

The Influence of Language on Culture and Vice Versa free essay sample

Through complex analysis, the most imperative concepts that bring them into a mutual symbiosis involve the act of using both as a utensil for accomplishing a specific task, a technique to unite fellow minds to advance themselves for the benefit of the species, and the social stratification of human beings based upon incomes derived from their crafts. These two ideas are even highly connected in how the different languages/cultures prioritize their duties on a daily basis. When meshed in unison, these various interpretations are what primarily allow language and culture to be mutually conjoined. For the most part, the topic that gets conjured up quite often in medial discussions is how both tongues and acculturations are essentially devices used to get any general assignment finished. In Orwell’s book 1984, Syme converses with Winston saying, â€Å"’ don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? ’† Basically, Big Brother is reinventing the English language to practically eliminate any rebellious thoughts and even the characteristics that make humans people: their reflections, memories, and emotions. To add on to this, since culture is mostly derived from these traits, the culture becomes almost entirely Duran 2 negligible because the language has been severely shortened to only the most instinctive of words such as good, crimestop, and paper. In a similar approach, David Sedaris of the book Me Talk Pretty One Day recollects his tale of taking a French class in Paris, exclaiming that although he loves â€Å"leafing through medical textbooks devoted to severe dermatological conditions, the hobby is beyond the reach of [his] French vocabulary. Since Sedaris did not have the method to convey his true interests, he could not get a true grasp of the French language in its entirety, allotting him into the permanent state of a foreigner rather than a Parisian. From a varied perspective, Mark Pagel in one of his discourses places two different hypothetical scenarios. In the first arrangement, one man drops his finished arrowheads in front of two staff makers hoping that they give him so me completed arrows, but instead gets his work stolen because the two men don’t know what they wanted from him. On the other hand, if all three craftsmen shared a common language, the first man would ask the other two men for some finished arrows in exchange for some of his tips. Within these two nuances lies the fact that language can unite a multitude of cultures for a distinct cause. This ideology is even prominent in the lecture â€Å"The History of the English Language – Concisely† where circa 950 A. D. , Angles, Saxons, and Jutes brought words such as street, inch, and mile while partaking in their conquest of the British Isles. Essentially, these group’s notions of transportation were expressed to English natives in a sense that they can tell them that they are already dispersed across the land mass and should cooperate with them if they want to survive. On a grand scale, language and culture as tools can be applied to unite fellow minds to bring about larger advances than if they were independent. Case in point, Bill Bryson states how the English language â€Å"For the airlines of 157 nations (out of 168 in the world), it is Duran 3 the agreed international language of discourse. (12) He even goes beyond this by quoting one of the founders of a truck-making venture: â€Å"’It puts us all at an equal disadvantage. ’† To reinterpret it, the fact that enormous companies are using one common vernacular so that nobody can be better suited towards making negotiations than another facilitates the cooperation of businessmen from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. Following this continuit y, Malcolm Gladwell locates a school in New York known as KIPP where â€Å"84 percent of the students are performing at or above their grade level† because this organization â€Å"has succeeded by taking the idea of cultural legacies seriously. (294) In this new system, the administrators use the philosophy of attending school year-round from Asian cultures such as China, Japan, and Korea to enhance the knowledge of students from any background. To reiterate, KIPP has applied an idea from a different culture to not only enhance the language of the middle-school pupils, but also their general abilities to learn and grasp any concept given to them. This theme even recurs on the opposite end of the spectrum in a reflection from Syme about Newspeak: â€Å"In fact, there will be no thought, as we understand it now. Orthodoxy means not thinking-not needing to think. †(Orwell 53) When everyone lacks the capability to express themselves, no further advances to civilization ca n be made, and culture is expunged from the mind. Still, where language and culture can conjoin ethnicities, they can also segregate them into separate chains of command. Since mankind has been able to grasp the tenet of power, over the millennia, it has begun to winnow its own people by job, income, intelligence, and actions. Within this social pyramid, language becomes more protrusive at the top while culture is dominant at the lowest stratums. In Japan, â€Å"A speaker of Japanese must equally wend his way through a series of Duran 4 linguistic levels appropriate to the social position of the participants. †(Bryson 18) In a Japanese speaker’s head, he/she must constantly think about who has more power than another before he/she can utter a single word. Hence, their culture is embedded into their language without any hope of diffusing from it. Culture is further infused into language when Syme tells Winston that â€Å"The proles are not human beings. (Orwell 52) Earlier in the book, Orwell describes how all citizens are tested at the age of 16 and those who get fairly high scores become part of the Outer and Inner Party while those who do not perform so well remain proles for life. Examining further, Syme’s remark reveals that this totalitarian society singles out different kinds of people based on their culture that was acquired through language. This kind of situation moreover occurs when a Colombian co-pilot tells Air Traffic Control about a dire emergency: â€Å"That’s right to one-eight-zero on the heading and, ah, we’ll try once again. We’re running out of fuel. †(Gladwell 225) Because he did not want to disrespect their authority, Klotz, the co-pilot, handled a life-or-death scenario as if it was completely negligible, known as â€Å"’mitigated speech’†. (226) This inutility of commanding to higher authority was placed within him through his Colombian heritage. To sum up, language and culture are deeply interconnected in the way they are used as tools, as a source of unity, and a way to delaminate the human species. So long as there have spawned words to describe a specific topic, there will correlate a culture that has influenced it based on its varying behaviors, beliefs, races, and customs. These two grand concepts as well as their subcategories shall indefinitely modify each other and are what have directly brought about monumental advancements to humans and shall endure until their demise. Duran 5 Works Cited Brady, Tanya. â€Å"The History of the English Language-Concisely. † A. P. English Language and Composition 427. Tahquitz High School. Hemet, 28 August 2012. Bryson, Bill. The Mother Tongue- English And How It Got That Way. London: Harper Collins, 1991. Gladwell, Malcolm. Outliers The Story of Success. London: Penguin Books, 2009. Orwell, George. 1984. New York: New American Library, 1977. Pagel, Mark. â€Å"How Language Transformed Humanity. † TED Conferences LLC. New York, 01 August 2011. Sedaris, David. Me Talk Pretty One Day. Paris: Back Bay Books, 2001.

Hector Berlioz Essays - Symphonie Fantastique, Music, Cyclic Form

Hector Berlioz Hector Berlioz wrote the Symphonie fantastique at the age of 27. He based the program on his own impassioned life and transferred his memoirs into his best- known program symphony. The story is about a love sick, depressed young artist, while in his despair poisons himself with opium. His beloved is represented throughout the symphony by the symbolic idee fixe. There are five movements throughout symphony. The program begins with the 1st movement: Reveries, Passions symbolizing the artist's life prior to meeting his beloved. This is represented as a mundaness and indefinable searching or yearning, until suddenly, he meets her and his longing abruptly ceases and is replaced by volcanic love. The soaring melody becomes the Idee fixe and is introduced in this section. The 2nd movement: A Ball. This movement is representative of the gala ball where he once again sees his beloved. This section is a dance movement in three-part form. The Idee fixe reappears in waltz time. The 3rd movement: Scene in the Fields. This section represents a tranquil interval. It is a summer evening in the country and he hears two shepherds piping. The tranquil moment of the quiet summer evening alone with the pastoral duet fills his heart with an unfamiliar calm. Suddenly she appears and her appearance causes an emotional response of sorrowful loneliness. The 4th movement: March To the Scaffold. He dreams that he has killed his beloved, he is condemned to die and is being lead to the scaffold. At the end of this movement the Idee fixe reappears for a short instance and the reappearance becomes symbolic of the last thought of love that is interrupted by the axe. The 5th movement: Dream of a Witch's Sabbath. He imagines himself at a witch's Sabbath surround by ghastly spirits who have gathered for his funeral. The frightful sounds of groans, shrieks, and shrill laughter echo in his ears. Then, suddenly again the Idee fixe appears. It is his beloved. But the familiar Idee fixe is no longer the reserved and noble melody of the prior movements. The Idee fixe has now taken on new form and has become vulgar and grotesque. She has come to this diabolical orgy. The witches greet her with howling joy and she joins them in the demonic dance; Bells toll for the Dead. Listening Guide 25 is the 4th movement, March To the Scaffold: The diabolical march is in minor and the Idee fixe is heard in the last part of this movement. The clarinet is the instrument that represents the Idee fixe and at the very end it is cut off by a grievous fortissimo chord and then ends in a hadean quintessence. Structure The medium is a large orchestra, (flute, piccolo, 2 clarinets, 4 french horns, 4 bassoons, 2 trumpets, 2 cornets, 3 trombones, 2 ophideiodes, 2 timpani, bass drum, bells, strings). The form is loose tenary (A-B-A). The movement is in 6 sections. It begins with the introduction of ominous drumbeats and muted brass. The introduction ends with an exploding crescendo of a base drum which immediately introduces the 2nd section of theme A of low strings in a slow cautious tempo, and is picked up by violins. Theme B brass and woodwinds enter and picks up the tempo of diabolical march tune. The opening section is then repeated. The 3rd or mid section is the development section. The tenary (B-A-B-A) Begins with theme B in brass, then theme A pizzicato strings, alternating again to B in Brass then Theme A. The 5th section is Theme A in full orchestra in original form, then inverted, (ascending scale). The 6th section, the melody Idee fixe in clarinet, ("a last thought of love"), in "dolce assai e passionato", followed by loud chord that cuts off melody, significant of ("the fall of the axe"). The introduction begins with the distant sound of a steady beating drum that seems to become louder. The steady beat is a march It has a serious tone with a non changing beat. The melody of the march is flat and gives a sense of impending dume. The brass bursts in on the monotone drum beat and suddenly takes over the melody and soars in an ascending sound, reaching an apex and creschendos and then subsides with low strings carrying the melody in a decending scale . There is a recapulation of this ascending and descending sound and then the viola and bassoon unassumingly enter and slowly begin to form there own quick little melody , totally unrelated to

The History of Jell-O

The History of Jell-O Jell-O: It’s now as American as apple pie. Once a twice-failed processed food made from a mash-up of animal parts, it managed to become a hit dessert and the go-to food for generations of sick children.   Who Invented Jell-O? in 1845, New York industrialist Peter Cooper patented a method for the manufacture of gelatin, a tasteless, odorless gelling agent made of out animal by-products. Cooper’s product failed to catch on, but in 1897, Pearle Wait, a carpenter turned cough syrup manufacturer in LeRoy, a town in upstate New York was experimenting with gelatin and concocted a fruit-flavored dessert. His wife, May David Wait, dubbed it Jell-O.   Woodward Buys Jell-O Wait lacked the funding to market and distribute his new product. In 1899 he sold it to Frank Woodward, a school dropout who by the age of 20 had his own business, Genesee Pure Food Company. Woodward bought the rights to Jell-O for $450 from Wait. Once again, sales lagged. Woodward, who sold a number of patent medicines, Raccoon Corn Plasters, and a roasted coffee substitute called Grain-O, grew impatient with the dessert. Sales were still slow, so Woodward offered to sell the rights to Jell-O ® to his plant superintendent for $35. However, before the final sale, Woodward’s intensive advertising efforts, which called for distribution of recipes and samples and paid off. By 1906, sales reached $1 million.   Making Jell-O a National Staple The company doubled down on marketing. They sent out nattily dressed salesmen to demonstrate Jell-O. The also distributed 15 million copies of a Jell-O recipe book containing celebrity favorites and illustrations by beloved American artists, including Maxfield Parrish and Norman Rockwell. The dessert’s popularity rose. Woodward’s Genesee Pure Food Company was renamed Jell-O Company in 1923. Two years later it later merged with Postum Cereal, and eventually, that company became the behemoth known as the General Foods Corporation, which is now called Kraft/General Foods. The gelatinous aspect of the food made it a popular choice among mothers when their children were suffering from diarrhea. In fact, doctors still recommend serving Jell-O water- that is, unhardened Jello-O- to children suffering from loose stools.

UK Commercial Law Scenarios and Questions Essay

UK Commercial Law Scenarios and Questions - Essay Example An implied agency under the agency by estoppel was created between Tom and Jerry since it was a verbal appointment. 1 An agency by estoppel states that whereas an agency can in general arise by the will of the principal, he may nevertheless so conduct himself leading another to believe that someone is his agent and he is then estopped from denying this fact. For instant, if a person is allows another to order goods on his behalf and always pays for them, then he will be estopped from denying the authority to a third person who relied on the appearance. (Emerson, 2003) This agency by estoppel is as effective as an agency intentionally created. The rule of estoppel is based on the principle of holding out and is not confined to contracts of employment only. (Jertz and Miller, 2004) Since there existed an agency relationship between Tom and Jerry, Tom need to be advised that Jerry might bring a case against him for refusing to accept the Land Rover he bought on his behalf knowing very well that Tom would be very happy with the purchase. Since Jerry was engaged to act as an agent by Tom (principal) whereby he ordered and paid for animal feed on his behalf we can say that Tom acted for undisclosed principal. When he was ordering the animal feed for Tom, he would not have disclosed that he was an agent engaged by Tom since they would not have sold the animal feeds for them because Tom had been banned from their premises. Tom on the other hand needs to be aware that, since his goat had ran amok causing a lot damages to the animal feeds supplier, a case can be brought against him. The animal feed supplier may sue him for trespass by cattle under the law of tort. A trespass by cattle of a person we usually treated as if he has committed it himself. If a man's cattle, poultry, sheep or goats trespass on another's land, the owner of such animals becomes liable for trespass and must pay damages for the damages caused to the plaintiff's crops or property. If the cattle trespassed without causing any damage, the owner is still liable to pay damages because trespass is actionable per se. 4 A relevant case studied under trespass by cattle is that of:- Anderson v. Buckton of 1815 In this case, the defendant's cattle affected by contagious disease trespassed on an adjoining pasture and infected the plaintiff's cattle. It was held that the defendant was liable for damage arising from the spread

A Reflective Report on the Leadership of a Training Day for Classroom Essay

A Reflective Report on the Leadership of a Training Day for Classroom Assistants and Teachers - Essay Example The first part will focus on providing the readers with a clear description on how the leadership activity was conducted. Before describing the process on how the student went through the leadership activity, the student will first explain the activity’s main purpose, objectives, and success criteria. The second part of the study will provide a brief description of the evaluation technique used in the project in terms of measuring the student’s ability to meet the main purpose and objectives of the leadership activity aside from how the project has affected the leadership skills of the entire staff members as an organization and as a person. For the third part of the study, the student will reflect upon the leadership activity process and its outcome based on the theoretical frameworks and concepts that were tackled under the course E849 Leading and Managing for Effective Education. Eventually, the student will discuss her own preferred leadership strategy and style in terms of some issues related to the importance of teamwork as well as the organizational effectiveness and improvements. Using the student’s preferred leadership style, ways in which she could effectively influence the school organization regardless of the internal and external pressures will be thoroughly discussed. The last part of this paper will critically assess the significance of the first three parts of this study towards the student’s own leadership and management thinking and practice aside from its impact on my colleagues’ perception on effective leadership and management style.

What is the best way to motivate employees to perform better Essay

What is the best way to motivate employees to perform better - Essay Example The other school of thought is that workers are motivated to perform better by internal motivating factors, such as achievement, enjoyment, a sense of competence, and personal loyalty to employees, which are factors that drive employees to work better or harder (intrinsic motivation) (Linder, 1998: p6). What all have in common, however, is that whether external or internal, rewards play an essential role in job satisfaction for the employee. When examining the internal factors that motivate employees, it has been found that the behaviour of employees is linked to attitudes and that the motivation for employees is not solely dependent on money (Lindner, 1998: p7). Internal factors of motivation consist of variables that are directly associated with the work of team members with such dimensions as challenging work environments, autonomy, and responsibility being closely linked with intrinsic motivation of employees. Indeed, interesting work has been identified as one of the most important internal factors of motivation, while having a sense of ownership concerning the work and output also acts as a major motivating factor. There is no clear agreement on where the responsibility for providing these set of motivating factors comes from, however. This is in line with Lindners (1998: p7) idea that these motivating factors differ within the organizational context that the employee works in. Under a ‘rewards’ system, it is clear that it is up to the management to provide motivation for employees. Longenecker (2011: p11) states that managers are responsible for motivating employees to use their talents and energy more willingly by encouraging ownership through maintenance of productive relationships and developing trust with individual employees. Lindner (1998: p) also identifies managers as being responsible for motivating their employees, noting that they should ensure that the work